Recent Advances on Extracellular Vesicles in Central Nervous System Diseases

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles released by multiple cells, encapsulated lipid bilayers and containing a variety of biological materials, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids metabolites. With the advancement separation characterization methods, EV subtypes their complex diverse functions have been recognized. In central nervous system (CNS), EVs involved in various physiological pathological processes, such as regulation neuronal firing, synaptic plasticity, formation maintenance myelin sheath, propagation neuroinflammation, neuroprotection, spread removal toxic protein aggregates. Activity-dependent alteration constituents enables to reflect change cell tissue states, wide distribution fluids endows them with potential diagnostic prognostic biomarkers for CNS diseases, neurodegenerative disease, cerebrovascular traumatic brain tumor. Favorable biocompatibility, ability crossing blood-brain barrier protecting contents from degradation, give promising therapeutic effects EVs, either collected mesenchymal stem cells culture conditioned media, or designed drug delivery vehicles loaded specific agents. this review, we summarized EVs' basic properties, mainly focused on applications diseases.